恩格斯《反杜林论》平等思想研究

Research on the Equality Thought in Engels’ Anti-Dühring

《反杜林论》是恩格斯的一部论战之作。在这部著作中,恩格斯运用历史唯物主义的方法,对杜林的整个理论体系进行了彻头彻尾的批判。其中,在哲学编部分专设一章,题为“道德和法。平等”,对杜林的平等观做出了深刻的批判。通过对杜林平等观的唯心主义先验方法论及其关于平等的“两个人”的前提条件和内涵的批判,恩格斯揭示了杜林所谓的平等观的抽象性本质。在批判杜林平等观的基础上,恩格斯指出了资产阶级的平等要求及局限,进而运用历史唯物主义的观点阐明了马克思主义的平等观,厘清了无产阶级平等观的内容及实质。指出平等是一个历史的范畴,不存在永恒、抽象的平等观,无产阶级平等观的要求是与阶级本身针锋相对的,其实质就是要消灭阶级。

Engels’ Anti-Dühring is a polemic work. In this work, Engels used the method of historical materialism to thoroughly criticize Dühring’s entire theoretical system. Among them, a special chapter entitled “Morality and Law. Equality” is set up in the philosophical part. “Equality” has made a profound criticism of Dühring’s concept of equality. By criticizing the idealism transcendental methodology of Dühring’s concept of equality and the premise and connotation of the “two people” of equality, Engels revealed the abstract nature of Dühring’s so-called concept of equality. On the basis of criticizing Dühring’s concept of equality, Engels pointed out the equality requirements and limitations of the bourgeoisie, and then used the viewpoint of historical materialism to clarify the Marxist concept of equality and clarify the content and essence of the proletarian concept of equality. It is pointed out that equality is a historical category, and there is no eternal and abstract concept of equality. The requirement of the proletarian concept of equality is diametrically opposed to the class itself, and its essence is to eliminate the class.