论王阳明“吾性自足”的圣人观

On Wang Yangming’s View of Saints as “Self-Sufficient in My Nature”

圣人可学而成一直以来都是儒家的传统观点,随着社会历史的变迁,儒家对于圣人观的阐述也愈发清晰,特别是在成圣路径和具体工夫上有了更为细致的规定。明代大儒王阳明所提出的内在化圣人观更是直击要害,指出圣人之道的关键在于“吾性自足”,而成圣之方的根本则在于心体上用功,认为圣人与普通人之间都是平等的,唯一的差别只在于是否能致良知。王阳明圣人观的心学路径也使得圣人从天上降落到了人间,更加世俗化与平等化同时还在一定程度上推动了主体自我意识觉醒的进程。

It has been the traditional view of Confucianism that a saint can be learned, and with the changes in social history, Confucianism’s view of saints has become clearer and clearer, especially in the path of sainthood and the specific work with more detailed provisions. Wang Yangming, a great Confucian scholar of the Ming Dynasty, put forward an internalized view of saints that hit the nail on the head, pointing out that the key to the way of sainthood lies in the “Self-Sufficiency in My Nature,” and that the root of the way of becoming a saint lies in the work done on the mind and the body, believing that the saints and the ordinary people are equal, and that the only difference lies in whether or not they are able to realize their conscience. Wang Yangming’s teleological path to sainthood also makes saints descend from the sky to the earth, making them more secularized and equalized, and at the same time promoting the process of self-awareness of the subject to a certain extent.