马尔库塞技术理性批判思想探析

An Analysis of Marcuse’s Critical Thought of Technical Rationality

对技术和理性予以批判是西方马克思主义社会批判理论的重要课题。马尔库塞对技术理性的批判始于启蒙运动以来西方理性的发展和科学技术发展下的发达工业社会危机,马克思、卢卡奇、海德格尔和法兰克福学派等思想家的相关理论为其提供思想启发。在此基础上,马尔库塞技术理性批判思想的建构表现为从技术理性统治下的社会异化现实出发,将批判指向技术理性上升为统治理性,进一步探寻如何克服技术理性异化。马尔库塞的技术理性批判思想发展了马克思的批判精神,其合理性内核对新时代中国特色社会主义的建设具有重要的启示。

Criticizing technology and rationality is an important subject of Western Marxist social critical theory. Marcuse’s criticism of technological rationality began with the development of western rationality and the crisis of developed industrial society under the development of science and technology since the Enlightenment, and was inspired by the relevant theories of Marx, Lukacs, Heidegger and Frankfurt School. On this basis, the construction of Marcuse’s critical thought of technological rationality is embodied as starting from the reality of social alienation under the rule of technological rationality, elevating criticism to technological rationality to ruling rationality, and further exploring how to overcome the alienation of technological rationality. Marcuse’s critical thought of technical rationality has developed Marx’s critical spirit, and its rational core has important enlightenment for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.