论洛克自然法理论中的财产权概念

On the Concept of Property Rights in John Locke’s Theory of Natural Law

作为现代自然法理论的杰出代表之一,洛克常被视作古典自然法传统的正统继承者。然而在列奥·施特劳斯看来,洛克所继承的并非古典自然法传统,而是霍布斯的自然法理论。隐藏在洛克自然法理论之下的哲学基础不是古典自然正当理论,而是霍布斯所开创的现代自然权利理论。通过对洛克自然法理论中最具特色的财产权理论与其高明的修辞术的考察,这一观点可以得到确证。

As one of the outstanding representatives of modern natural law theory, John Locke is often regarded as the orthodox successor of the classical natural law tradition. However, in the view of Leo Strauss, Locke inherited not the classical natural law tradition, but Hobbes’s theory of natural law. The philosophical foundation hidden under Locke’s theory of natural law is not the classical theory of natural right, but the modern theory of natural rights initiated by Hobbes. This view can be confirmed through an examination of Locke’s clever rhetoric and the most distinctive theory of property rights in his theory of natural law.