马克思早期自然观对康德自然观的继承与超越

Marx’s Early View of Nature Inherits and Transcends Kant’s View of Nature

自然观是人与自然关系的哲学表达,马克思的哲学讨论中一直试图平衡人与自然的关系,其早期自然观深受康德自然观的影响。康德通过“哥白尼式的革命”和“物自身”观念提出的主体性原则,为我们提供了一条通往马克思自然观的道路。马克思的自然观既是对康德思想的延续,也是对康德思想的深化,它以实践哲学为基础,打破前康德时代的自然的确定性观念,是康德思想中隐含的自然观的完成,更加深刻地揭示出康德自然观的本质。对马克思早期自然观的研究,有利于进一步发掘马克思思想的内涵。

The view of nature is a philosophical expression of the relationship between man and nature. Marx has been trying to balance the relationship between man and nature in his philosophical discussions, and his early view of nature is deeply influenced by Kant’s view of nature. Kant’s principle of subjectivity, through the concept of “Copernican revolution” and “things themselves”, provides us with a path to Marx’s view of nature. Marx’s view of nature is not only a continuation of Kant’s thought, but also a deepening of Kant’s thought. It is based on practical philosophy, breaking the deterministic concept of nature in the pre-Kantian era, is the completion of the implicit view of nature in Kant’s thought, and reveals the essence of Kant’s view of nature more profoundly. The study of Marx’s early view of nature is conducive to further exploring the connotation of Marx’s thought.