同一性的抽象统治与反身性的消亡——从阿多诺《否定辩证法》分析马克思的物化逻辑

The Abstract Domination of Identity and the Extinction of Reflexivity—An Analysis of Marx’s Materialization Logic from Adorno’s Negative Dialectics

本文从阿多诺《否定辩证法》出发,对马克思的物化逻辑进行分析:主体的具体劳动使得劳动产品与劳动本身具有上手质性(使用价值),而同一性的交换价值是对使用价值的抽象。经济领域中的同一性抽象导致遗忘性的物化现象。对象化劳动时间量使得抽象过程转化为普遍性存在,同时又由于客观抽象的交换关系场域反向事物化为货币,以一种“伪上手”的物性实体(货币)获得现实的在场;这就使得抽象的同质交换关系场域获得物性的现实外衣,从而正式成为主体既与情景中永恒的“先定统治”。反身性的消亡意味着在抽象的同一性体系下,世界成为“无黑可守”的“颠倒的世界”。

Building upon Adorno’s Negative Dialectics, this paper explores Marx’s theory of materialization, which argues that the tangible labor performed by individuals imbues both the product and process of labor with primary use value. In contrast, exchange value represents an abstraction derived from this concrete labor. The phenomenon of forgetting materialization arises from this abstraction within economic relations. Objectified labor time transforms abstract processes into universal existence, while objective exchange relations convert commodities into money and confer upon it a physical entity (referred to as the “false hand”). This endows homogeneous exchange relations with a tangible cloak of material property and formalizes them as an eternal predetermined rule governing subjects and scenes alike. The demise of reflexivity under such an abstract identity system creates a topsy-turvy world without any defense.