尼采哲学中的基督教形象——以《悲剧的诞生》与《敌基督者》为例

The Image of Christianity in Nietzsche’s Philosophy—Taking “The Birth of Tragedy” and “The Antichrist” as Examples

尼采批判基督教的出发点是为了重估一切价值,意在回归生存本身。尼采在《悲剧的诞生》中建构起自己的艺术形而上学和悲剧世界观,同时隐微刻画了酒神狄俄尼索斯与“被钉在十字架上的人”(耶稣基督)之间的对立,狄俄尼索斯是对生命意志的肯定,而基督教是对生命的戕害,他在精神崩溃前写就的《敌基督者》中也延续了对基督教的批判,尼采的批判坚持从热爱生命的视角出发,对传统基督道德加以解构以实现价值重估。

The starting point of Nietzsche’s critique of Christianity is to revalue all values, and to return to existence itself. Nietzsche constructed his own artistic metaphysics and tragic worldview in “The Birth of Tragedy”, and at the same time subtly portrayed the opposition between Dionysus, the god of wine, and the “crucified man” (Jesus Christ), Dionysus is the affirmation of the will to life, and Christianity is the destruction of life. In his work “The Antichrist” written before his mental breakdown, Nietzsche also continued his criticism of Christianity. Nietzsche’s criticism insisted on starting from the perspective of love for life, deconstructing traditional Christian morality to achieve value reassessment.