卢卡奇总体性辩证法思想探微——读《历史与阶级意识》

The Exploration of Lukacs’ Dialectics of Totality—Reading “The History and Class Consciousness”

卢卡奇在1923年的著作《历史与阶级意识》中,突出强调了正统马克思主义的核心在于总体性辩证法。他对以经济决定论为中心的马克思主义理论进行了尖锐批评,详细概括了自己对马克思辩证法的全新理解(总体性辩证法),批判第二国际正统马克思主义的错误,恢复了被第二国际曲解的马克思理论的革命性主张。卢卡奇的理论为被误解的马克思主义正名,总体性辩证法也使马克思主义摆脱了实证主义,重新回到哲学的视野,引发了许多西方学者从整体性辩证法的视角重新审视马克思主义,推动了社会批判理论的涌现,对后来的西方马克思主义研究产生了深远影响。In 1923, Lukács’ work “History and Class Consciousness”, Lukács prominently emphasizes the core of orthodox Marxism as holistic dialectics. He sharply criticizes the Marxist theory centered on economic determinism, succinctly articulating his own innovative understanding of Marxist dialectics (holistic dialectics). Lukács critiques the errors of orthodox Marxism in the Second International, restoring the revolutionary propositions of Marx’s theory distorted by the Second International. Lukács’s theory vindicates misunderstood Marxism, while holistic dialectics liberates Marxism from positivism, reintegrating it into philosophical discourse. This perspective prompted many Western scholars to reexamine Marxism from the standpoint of holistic dialectics, fostering the emergence of social critique theory and profoundly influencing subsequent Western Marxist studies.