恩格斯《自然辩证法》的生态思想及其当代价值

The Ecological Thought of Engels’ “Dialectics of Nature” and Its Contemporary Value

面对工业革命以及资本主义生产方式所导致的突出的生态环境问题,以及自然科学的不断发展,恩格斯的《自然辩证法》通过对形而上学的自然观的批判以及对马克思生态思想的进一步丰富和发展,详细地论述了人与自然的辩证统一关系、劳动在从猿到人的转变中的作用以及生态危机的根源和化解等,提出了人是自然界长期发展的产物、人与自然相互联系相互作用、劳动是联结人与自然关系的桥梁等观点。同时,恩格斯认为资本主义制度是生态危机的根源,人们应该要在尊重自然及其客观规律的基础上认识自然,彻底变革资本主义制度及其生产方式,运用科学技术等手段对自然进行改造。对于人与自然、自然规律、生态危机等方面的科学论证深刻体现了《自然辩证法》中丰富的生态思想。考察《自然辩证法》生态思想的理论基础、主要内容,结合当今世界,挖掘其当代价值,有助于保护自然以及节约资源,推动我国乃至世界的生态文明建设,有助于解决当下的生态危机,为我国生态建设实践提供理论依据以及指导方向,最终走向人与自然和谐共存的美好世界。Faced with the outstanding ecological environment problems caused by the industrial revolution and capitalist mode of production, as well as the continuous development of natural science, Engels’ “Dialectics of Nature” criticized the metaphysical mechanical view of nature and further inherited and developed Marx’s ecological thought. This paper discusses in detail the dialectical unity relationship between man and nature, the role of labor in the transformation from ape to man, and the root and solution of ecological crisis, and puts forward the viewpoints that man is the product of the long-term development of nature, man and nature interact with each other, and labor is the bridge linking the relationship between man and nature. At the same time, Engels believed that the capitalist system was the root of the ecological crisis. People should understand nature on the basis of respecting nature and its objective laws, thoroughly reform the capitalist system and its mode of production, and transform nature by means of science and technology. The scientific argumentation on human and nature, ecological environment and its crisis deeply reflects the rich ecological thoughts in “Dialectics of Nature”, discusses the “dialectics of nature” theoretical basis, main content of ecological thought, combined with today’s world, excavates its contemporary value, helps protect nature and save resources, promotes the construction of ecological civilization in China even all over the world, helps to solve the present ecological crisis and provides theoretical basis for the practice of ecological construction in our country as well as the direction, finally to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature of the beautiful world.