马克思实践对费希特实践的超越

The Transcendence of Marx’s Practice over Fichte’s Practice

马克思和费希特在实践哲学上的差异,揭示了马克思对费希特思想的批判性继承与超越。费希特的实践哲学基于“自我设定自我”的主体性,自我通过行动确立自由。马克思则从物质生产和社会实践出发,强调实践作为改变世界的革命力量。这种从“自我”到“现实的人”的转变,从“行动”到“实践”的转变,以及从“行动哲学”到“改变世界哲学”的转变,体现了马克思对费希特实践观的全面超越。在中国式现代化进程中,马克思的实践观提供了促进人的自由全面发展的重要启示。The differences between Marx and Fichte in practical philosophy reveal Marx’s critical inheritance and transcendence of Fichte’s ideas. Fichte’s practical philosophy is based on the subjectivity of the “self-setting self,” where the self establishes freedom through action. Marx, starting from material production and social practice, emphasized that practice is the revolutionary force that changes the world. This transformation from “self” to “real person,” from “action” to “practice,” and from “action philosophy” to “philosophy of changing the world” reflects Marx’s comprehensive transcendence of Fichte’s view of the practice. In the process of the Chinese path to modernization, Marx’s view of practice provides important enlightenment to promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings.