机器体系下人类解放实现的可能向度——基于《1857~1858年经济学手稿》的解读

Possible Dimension of Human Liberation Under Machine System—Based on the Grundrisse 1857~1858

在《1857~1858年经济学手稿》的“机器论片段”中,马克思将人类解放归结为自由时间的获得,并认为资本逻辑的内在矛盾因机器体系的大规模应用而蕴含着人类解放即获得自由时间的可能性。资本在无限制追求增殖的欲望促使下,通过机器体系的大规模应用提高劳动效率,从而所产生大量的自由时间。但是在资本主义社会关系下,自由时间只能以剩余劳动时间的形式呈现出来,反而不能使得工人将自由时间用以自身的发展。In the “Fragments of Machine Theory” of the Grundrisse 1857~1858, Marx attributed human liberation to the acquisition of free time and believed that the internal contradiction of capital logic contained the possibility of human liberation, namely the acquisition of free time because of the large-scale application of the machine system. Driven by the desire for unlimited multiplication, capital improves labor efficiency through the large-scale application of machine systems, thus generating a large amount of free time. However, under capitalist social relations, free time can only be presented in the form of surplus labor time, but it cannot enable workers to use free time for their own development.