《德意志意识形态》中“现实的个人”思想探析

An Analysis of the “Realistic Individual” Thought in German Ideology

通过对黑格尔“自我意识的人”、费尔巴哈“直观的自然人”、施蒂纳“唯一者”的批判,马克思恩格斯逐渐摆脱了抽象的人的局限从而转向了“现实的个人”。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思恩格斯从社会历史的角度出发,阐述了“现实的个人”是自然的产物、是实践活动的主体、处于社会关系中的人,是不断发展变化的人四大特征。在新时代的背景下,“现实的个人”核心思想对于推动人与自然和谐相处、促进人的自由全面发展仍然具有重要的指导意义。The criticism of Hegel’s “self-conscious man”, Feuerbach’s “intuitive natural man” and Stirner’s “the only one”, Marx and Engels gradually got rid of the limitation of abstract man and turned to the “real individual”. In the German Ideology, Marx and Engels, from the perspective of social history, elaborated that the “real individual” is the product of nature, the subject of practical activities, the man in social relations, and the man who is constantly developing and changing. Under the background of the new era, the core idea of “realistic individual” still has important guiding significance for promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and promoting the free and comprehensive development of man.