从《理想国》看柏拉图对德育思想的探讨

Plato’s Exploration of Moral Education Ideas from the “Ideal State”

柏拉图是西方最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一,同时也是西方系统地探讨道德教育的第一人,在他生平所著的各种书籍中,都能见到其本人的德育观点和思想,其中他最为出名的代表作《理想国》中就蕴含着他的诸多德育观点和思想。唯心主义贯穿着柏拉图的一生,对其教育思想影响极大,这一点在德育思想上也有所体现,他将国家的客观德性作为法则,先一步在道德教育领域深植正义的重要地位,对德育的概念、方式都做出了系统的解释和说明,将德育纳入教育体系的一环,并超前指出国家是最大的教育机构,阐明了德育教育最终的目的是为了维护“国家的整体幸福”,并极力强调了正义的重要性,为后世教育过程中的德育教育提供坚实的理论基础。Plato is one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in the West, as well as the first person to systematically explore moral education in the West, and his own views and thoughts on moral education can be seen in various books he wrote during his life, among which his most famous masterpiece “The Ideal State” contains many of his views and thoughts on moral education. Idealism runs through Plato’s life and has a great influence on his educational thought, which is also reflected in his thoughts on moral education. He takes the objective virtue of the state as a law, takes the first step to deeply plant the important position of justice in the field of moral education, and makes systematic explanations and descriptions of the concept and way of moral education, which is incorporated into one part of the educational system, and points out ahead of time that the state is the largest educational institution, and clarifies that the ultimate goal of moral education is to achieve the goal of the state, and that the state is the largest educational institution. The ultimate purpose of moral education is to safeguard the “overall happiness of the nation”, and the importance of justice is strongly emphasized, providing a solid theoretical foundation for moral education in the educational process of later generations.