摘要
激光雷达(LiDAR)作为一种主动对地观测的现代光学遥感技术,通过激光雷达传感器发射的激光脉冲经地面反射后被系统接收,机载激光雷达系统仅需要少量的地面控制点,即可以获取高精度、高密度的三维坐标数据,并构建目标物的三维立体模型,是有源遥感技术在空间信息获取及自动化快速处理方面的重要发展。机载激光雷达具有自动化程度高,受地形地貌、天气影响小,数据生产周期短等特点,为获取高分辨率的地球空间信息,可提供一种全新的技术手段。本文对机载激光雷达技术(LiDAR)系统组成和具体工作原理进行简单介绍,对机载激光雷达在冻土区域研究应用作了重点描述,分析了目前应用存在的问题,并对未来发展趋势提出预测和展望。
LiDAR is a modern optical remote sensing technology for active earth observation. The laser pulse emitted by the lidar sensor is reflected by the ground and then received by the system. The airborne laser mine system requires only a small number of ground control points. That is, it is possible to obtain high-precision, high-density three-dimensional coordinate data and construct a three- dimensional model of the target. This is an important development of active remote sensing technology in the acquisition of spatial information and automatic and rapid processing. Airborne lidar has the characteristics of high degree of automation, little influence by topography, landforms, weather, and short data production cycle. It can provide a brand-new technical means for obtaining high-resolution geospatial information. This article briefly introduces the composition and specific working principles of the airborne laser radar technology (LIDAR) system, focuses on the research and application of airborne laser mines in frozen soil areas, analyzes the existing problems in the current application, and puts forward forecasts for prospects and trends to the future development.
