摘要
地理信息系统(GIS)是一种集成了数据收集、存储、管理、分析和可视化的先进技术,广泛应用于地质矿产、农业、环境、林业、水文、城市建设和考古学等领域中。在地质方面,主要应用于矿产资源勘查和地质灾害易发性评价领域;在农业方面,主要应用于农业土壤评价(土壤肥力和重金属)和农业气象灾害(预警系统和灾害风险划分);在环境方面,主要应用于环境影响评价和环境监测方面;在林业方面,主要应用于林业资源管理和森林灾害方面;在水文方面,主要应用于水文情报预报和降水量计算两个方面;在城市建设方面,主要应用于交通运输和智慧城市;针对考古学方面,主要应用于人地关系研究方面。分析表明,GIS的应用前景广阔,正在从小众化走向大众化,从单一化走向多元化。
Geographic Information System (GIS) is an advanced technology that integrates data collection, storage, management, analysis, and visualization, and is widely used in geological mineral resources, agriculture, environment, forestry, hydrology, urban construction, and archaeology. In geology, it is mainly applied in the fields of mineral resources exploration and geological disaster susceptibility evaluation;in agriculture, it is mainly applied in agricultural soil evaluation (soil fertility and heavy metals) and agricultural meteorological disasters (early warning system and disaster risk classification);in the environment, it is mainly applied in environmental impact assessment and environmental monitoring;in forestry, it is mainly applied in forestry resource management and forest disasters;in hydrology, it is mainly applied in hydrological information forecasting and precipitation calculation;in urban construction, it is mainly applied in transportation and smart cities;for archaeology, it is mainly applied in the study of human-land relationship. Analysis shows that the application of GIS has broad prospects, and is moving from niche to popular, from single to diversified.
