洛克沙胂的微生物降解总结与展望

Summary and Prospect of Microbial Degradation of Roxarsone

洛克沙胂是目前最经济的有机胂制剂,其作为饲料添加剂在养殖业中大量使用,但是由于畜禽对其吸收和转化效率低,导致大量洛克沙胂随排泄物流入到外界环境中。简单的堆肥及常规污水处理都不能完全去除,而排入水体和土壤,导致砷化合物污染。并且环境中的微生物或光照会把洛克沙胂降解转化为会对环境和人体造成严重危害的多种砷化合物,如4-羟基-3-氨基苯砷酸(HAPA)。目前除了物理、化学方法,微生物法也具有很好的降解洛克沙胂的效果。本文综述了对洛克沙胂及其相关产物的非生物降解转化和生物降解转化的研究进展,主要结论:非生物降解转化洛克沙胂受环境因素影响极大,极易产生毒性更大的污染物;生物降解转化:微生物不可替代的作用主要体现在:(1) 微生物吸附和蓄积作用,包括可逆与不可逆过程;(2) 细菌对洛克沙胂的降解;(3) 真菌对洛克沙胂的降解;(4) 酵母对洛克沙胂的降解。最后对微生物法应用于洛克沙胂污染修复的前景进行了讨论。

Present, Roxarsone is the most economical organic arsenarsone preparation, which is widely used in the breeding industry as a feed additive. However, due to the low absorption and conversion efficiency of Roxarsone in livestock and poultry, a large amount of Roxarsone flows into the external environment along with excrement. Simple composting and conventional sewage treatment can‘t be completely removed, but discharged into water and soil, resulting in arsenic compound pollution. In addition, microorganisms or light in the environment can degrade Roxarsone into a variety of arsenic compounds, such as 4-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene arsenic acid (HAPA), which can cause serious harm to the environment and human body. At present, in addition to physical and chemical methods, microbial method also has a good degradation effect of Roxarsone. This paper reviewed the research progress on the non-biodegradation and biodegradation transformation of Roxarsone and its related products. The main conclusions are: the non-biodegradation and biodegradation transformation of Roxarsone is greatly affected by environmental factors, and it is easy to produce more toxic pollutants. Biodegradation and transformation: the irreplaceable role of microorganisms is mainly reflected in: (1) Microbial adsorption and accumulation, including reversible and irreversible processes;(2) Bacterial degradation of Roxarsone;(3) Degradation of Roxarsone by fungi;(4) Degradation of Roxarsone by yeast. Finally, the prospect of applying microbial method to Roxarsone pollution remediation was discussed.