陆海空一体化立体测绘技术

Land Sea and Air Integrated Surveying and Mapping Technology

随着科技的发展,空间地理信息获取设备及手段也越来越先进。多波束全覆盖测量、三维激光扫描测量及无人机航空测量则分别代表了目前水下、陆地和空中空间地理位置信息数据获取的较为常用和先进的技术方法,而将这几种测量设备进行技术集成,形成一体化立体空间测量系统,是未来一个应用热点。本文结合测量实例,介绍了多波束测深系统、船载三维激光扫描和无人机航空测量一体化立体测绘系统组成、实现方法及测量效果,结果显示,在保证外围辅助设备精度和系统综合安装及校准精度的前提下,多波束测深系统和船载三维激光扫描系统可以实现同步一体化立体测量,而无人机航空测量,作为空中俯视测量手段,由于其视野广阔,测点密度大,可以有效弥补多波束和三维激光所遗漏的测区测量数据,三种测量技术有效组合,为测量者完美提供水下及水上目标物空间位置信息,真正实现高密度数据点云扫描无遗漏地形测量。

With the development of science and technology,space geographic information acquisition equip-ment and means are becoming more and more advanced.Multibeam full coverage measurement,three-dimensional laser scanning measurement and UAV aerial measurement represent the more common and advanced technology methods for acquiring underwater,land and spatial location information data respectively.The integration of these measuring devices to form an integrated three-dimensional space stereo measurement system is a hot spot in the future.This paper intro-duces the composition,implementation method and measurement effect of Multibeam Bathymetric system,ship-borne three-dimensional laser scanning and UAV aerial surveying integrated three-dimensional surveying and mapping system.The results show that the Multibeam Bathy-metric System and ship-borne three-dimensional laser scanning system can achieve synchroniza-tion on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of peripheral auxiliary equipment and the accuracy of system installation and calibration.Volume stereo measurement and UAV aerial measurement,as aerial survey means,can effectively compensate for the missing measurement data of multibeam and three-dimensional laser because of their wide field of vision and high density of measurement points.The three measurement techniques are effectively combined to provide the spatial position information of underwater and water objects for the surveyors,and to achieve high-density data point cloud and no omission topographic survey.