海洋保护区潮间带沉积物微生物群落的研究——以大连长海珍稀海洋生物保护区为例

Study on Microbial Communities in the Intertidal Sediments of Marine Protected Areas—A Case Study on Dalian Changhai Marine Precious Biological Nature

海洋保护区是全球使用最广泛的海洋管理工具之一,它对于保护生物多样性至关重要,它可以提供保护,使其免受人为活动的威胁。微生物群落在有机污染物生物地球化学循环中起着十分关键的作用。微生物群落结构和多样性及其变化在一定程度上反映了土壤的质量。为准确掌握我国黄海沿海潮间带沉积物微生物群落,了解海洋保护区与相邻区域微生物群落结构差异,于2018年9月对辽宁省大连长海珍稀海洋生物保护区及附近区域潮间带沉积物微生物开展了详细调查。应用Illumina MiSeq宏基因组高通量测序技术,在调查区域潮间带共鉴定沉积物微生物43门类,变形菌门为最主要的优势门类,其序列数占总数的45.7%。其它较为丰富的门类包括酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、浮霉菌门、蓝细菌门和疣微菌门。采用Mothur软件计算Chao1、Shannon和Simpson多样性指数,结果发现:菌群丰度指数Chao1的均值为5493,Shannon菌群多样性的指数为9.71,Simpson指数0.994,显示出海域沉积物中微生物多样性较高,通过主成份分析发现,保护区和大连入海河流潮间带微生物群落结构差异较大。

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of the most widely utilized marine management tools globally. Marine protected areas are essential for conservation of biodiversity by offering protection from major anthropogenic threats. Microbial community plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles of organic pollutants. Their community structure and diversity, and the changes reflect certain aspects of sediment quality. In order to study the microbial community structure in intertidal sediments of coastal area in Yellow Sea and to understand the differences in the structure of microbial communities between marine protected areas and adjacent areas, metagenomic analysis based on the Illumina Miseq high throughput sequencing technology was applied in Liaoning Dalian Changhai Marine Precious Biological Provincial Nature Reserve intertidal zone in September 2018. A total of 43 phyla of microoganisms were detected from the intertidal sediment samples. Proteobacteria was the dominant group, comprising 45.7% of the total sequences. Other abundant groups include phylum Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. The Chao1, Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were calculated using Mothur software. The average value of Chao1 index was 5493, Shannon diversity index was 9.71 for all the samples, and the Simpson index was 0.994. These indices indicated high microbial community diversity in the area. Through principal component analysis, it was found that the structure of microbial communities in the intertidal zone of MPAs and Dalian's estuarine rivers was quite different.