沉思的功能及其认知加工机制

The Function and Cognitive Mechanism of Rumination

沉思作为一种个体应对不良生活事件和不良情绪的常见反应,研究者们一致认为沉思是抑郁症重要的致病因素,是抑郁和焦虑的显著认知特征,并对抑郁的发病、持续、加剧以及复发具有极为重要的影响。同时沉思的反省子成分可以起到帮助个体有效地分析问题,能逐渐降低消极情绪,达到缓解消极情绪的积极作用。个体持有的消极元认知信念、目标受阻以及认知抑制损害等方面会造成沉思作用的差异。

The tendency to engage in rumination in response to negative life events and moods appears to a relatively common coping style. Rumination plays a crucial role in the aetiology of depression which is a salient cognitive feature of dysphoria and major depressive disorder. The role of rumination in prolonging and intensifying depression and in the onset and relapse of depression has been empirically supported. Meanwhile the “reflection” subfactor can help individuals to alleviate negative emotions by analyzing problems effectively. The diversity of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, the unattained goals and the deficit cognitive inhibition led to individual differences of rumination.