回避型依恋风格记忆加工的认知–情绪特点

The Cognitive-Emotional Features of Avoidant Attachment on Memory Processing

依恋的内部工作模式是一个认知/情感性的组织,个体的依恋风格在这两个系统的转变中起到了非常重要的作用,有研究表明这两个系统处于动态平衡的状态,但很容易受压力因素的影响。回避型个体在压力状态下更容易引发抑郁、焦虑,为了避免依恋系统的激活,他们会抑制依恋相关信息的加工,表现出情绪表征的特异性;在认知加工中回避型个体则采用“自上而下”的去激活策略抑制对依恋相关负性信息的记忆加工,导致了回避型个体的非精细编码和提取失败,这需要认知努力。说明去激活策略在构建和维持回避型个体的防御性心理系统上有很大的作用。未来研究可从依恋启动、记忆加工的神经机制,以及内隐记忆等角度进行进一步探讨。

Attachment style plays an important role between the transition of the cognitive and affective or-ganization in the internal working models of attachment. Studies have shown that these two sys-tems are in a state of dynamic balance, but they are easily affected by stress factors. Avoidant indi-viduals who are under stress are more likely to be depressed and anxious. In order to avoid the activation of attachment system, they will inhibit the processing of attachment-related information, exhibiting specificity of emotional representation. In addition, avoidant individuals show controlled “top-down” suppressing manner in cognitive level to memory of attachment-related negative information, which results in rough coding and extracting failure. More researches are needed to focus on the effects of attachment activation, mechanism of encoding and retrieving with neurophysiologic methods, and implicit memory.