理论信息学基础上的信息心理学

Informational Psychology Based on Theoretical Informatics

随着理论信息学的产生和发展,完整的信息科学知识体系建立起来,信息科学世界观为各个人文社会科学学科提供了全新的视角。信息科学的世界观认为,与宇宙万物一样,人类心理现象也具有物质和信息两种属性;关于这两种属性的研究成果分别构成物质心理学与信息心理学;它们是整个心理学体系的两个主要的分支。物质心理学的研究对象是心理现象的生物载体,采用经验观察、数量分析与公式表达的方法;信息心理学研究对象是心理现象的信息特征,采取内心体验、逻辑分析与程序表达的方法。构成信息心理学的基本知识包括:人是一个开放的、自组织的生理与心理系统;人的本质是一个信息复制与生成系统;人的心理系统的基本组成元素包含动机、知识和智慧;人类信息处理包含从感觉到思维的九大基本功能;全部心理信息研究的主导与核心是人类智能的涌现机制。信息心理学应用的初步成果,首先是分析当代心理学的现状、困境和出路,得到了关于心理学的学科性质、理论前提、研究对象、研究方法的新认识;然后,它提出了从整体上把握心理学的历史、现状及未来的新思路。在可以预见的未来,信息心理学不仅对现有的理论心理学、基础心理学以及应用心理学进行补充,而且为现有心理学主流和边缘的统一与整合提供新的基本概念和理论框架。

With the emergence and development of theoretical informatics, a complete information science system is set up, which provides a fresh perspective for various social sciences. In the point of in-formation science, material property and informational property are two attributes of human psychological phenomena like everything in the universe. Studies of these two attributes constitute material psychology and informational psychology respectively. These two psychologies are main branches of the whole psychological system. The research object of material psychology is the biological carrier of psychological phenomena, and the methods of empirical observation, quantitative analysis, and formula expression are used;the research object of informational psy-chology is the characteristics of psychological phenomena, and the methods of inner experience, logical analysis, and program expression are used. In the knowledge hierarchy of informational psychology: human is an open and self-organized material and psychological system;the nature of human is an information duplicating and generating system;the basic elements which consist of human’s psychological system are motivation, knowledge, and wisdom;human information processing includes nine basic functions which vary from feeling to thinking;and the dominance and core of all researches of psychological information are the emergence mechanism of human intelligence. The application of informational psychology has gained preliminary achievements. At first, people get some new viewpoints in the subject nature, theoretical precondition, research objects, and methods of psychology through analyzing the contemporary psychology’s current situation, difficulties, and solutions. Then informational psychology suggests a new train of thought which is grasping the history, current situation, and future of psychology as a whole. Informational psychology complements the theoretical psychology, basic psychology, applied psychology, and provides a basic concept as well as a theoretical frame for the integration of the mainstream and secondary aspects of the current psychology.