性误解的理论、因素及焦点问题

Sexual Misperception: Theories, Factors and Contentious Issues

性意图推断即个体对他人追求性活动的主观兴趣的评估。若评估与个体实际性意图不符则产生性误解。已有研究表明男性易高估女性的性意图,研究者从进化心理学、生理差异、社会化和性别刻板印象角度对此进行了解释。性误解不仅受被试自身特点的影响,还受评价目标及所处情境的影响。已有研究在择偶值与高低估、男性高估等问题等上存有争议。未来应致力于发展理论模型、丰富研究方法和研究群体、重视个体差异研究及加强跨文化研究,力图深入理解性误解的产生原因与形成机制。

Perception of sexual intentions refers to the assessment of a person’s subjective interest in pur-suing sexual activity. Sexual misperception refers to overperception or underperception of other’s sexual intentions. Many experimental studies have found that there is a gender difference in sexual misperception, namely, that men tend to over perceive women’s sexual intentions. Many researchers tried to identify the causes and formative mechanisms of this gender difference from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, physiological differences, socialization and sex stereotype. In addition to the gender difference, some studies have found that participant’s characteristics, the target’s characteristics and contextual factors can also influence the participant’s sexual intention perception. There are two controversies in previous studies. One is about mate value and perception of sexual intent and the other one is about men’s overpeception of sexual intent. Finally, to understand the causes and formative mechanisms of sexual perception more deeply, future studies should focus on developing theoretical models, expanding the populations sampled and enriching studies on individual differences. In addition, people in China hold obscure attitudes toward sex;therefore, it is meaningful to carry on further research about sexual misperception in China.