儿童的自我参照效应

The Self-Reference Effect on Memory in Childhood

儿童自我参照效应的研究有利于阐明自我对儿童认知的影响。研究者不断修订研究范式,逐步发展出适合年幼儿童的自我参照加工任务,探索了儿童自我参照效应的最早发生年龄及发展趋势。自我参照加工不仅能够提高儿童对项目信息的记忆,还提高了儿童对源信息的记忆。儿童自我参照效应产生的机制可能是自我线索自动引起了注意的增加和情感的唤起从而增强了对相关信息记忆。未来研究有待探索出更多适合儿童自我概念和认知发展能力的自我参照效应研究范式。

The studies that investigate self-referential memory effects in childhood contribute to clarifying the roles of self on children’s cognition. The researchers constantly revised the research paradigm and gradually developed self-reference processing tasks suitable for young children. The previous studies have explored the earliest age and development trend of self-reference effect in children. Self-referencing could not only improve memory for items in children, but also could enhance memory for source information. The mechanisms underlying the self-reference effect in children may be self-clues that automatically cause increased attention and emotional arousal, which facil-itate memory for self-relevant information. Future research should explore more research para-digms suitable for children’s self-concept and cognitive development ability.