驾驶经验和危险源方向对驾驶员危险知觉的影响

Effects of Driving Experience and Hazard Location on Hazard Perception

目的:考察驾驶经验和危险源方向对驾驶员危险知觉的影响。方法:研究采用2 (驾驶经验:有经验驾驶员、新手驾驶员) ×2 (危险源方向:左侧碰撞危险、右侧碰撞危险)的混合实验设计,使用Tobii眼动仪呈现16段动态交通视频对25名驾驶员进行测试。结果:有经验驾驶员的反应时显著短于新手驾驶员,注视点个数也显著多于新手驾驶员,首个注视点持续时间短于新手驾驶员;驾驶员对左侧危险场景反应时短于右侧,注视点个数多于右侧,访问次数多于右侧。结论:驾驶员危险知觉的经验优势随着危险源方向的不同而变化。

Objective: This study examined the effects of driving experience and hazard location on drivers’ hazard perception. Methods: A 2 ×2 mixed experiment design was used. 14 video clips, shootings from the drivers’ perspective, were shown to 25 drivers. Results: Experienced drivers reacted to the hazards faster than novice drivers, and their fixation counts were more than novice drivers. Hazards appearing in the left area of the driving scene were reacted faster than those in the right, and drivers fixated and visited hazards appearing in the left more time than those in the right. Conclusion: The experience-related advantage in hazard perception varies with hazard location.