6McGee M G. Human spatial abilities.New York:Praeger Publishers, 1979:7-18.
7Thurstone L L.Some primary abilities in visual thinking. Chicago: The university of Chicago Psychometric Laboratory Report,1950.no. 59.
8Michael W B et al .The description of spatial-visualization abilities.Education & Psychological measurement,1957,17:185-199.
9Holzinger K J, Swineford F. The relation of two Bi-factors to achievement in Geometry and other subjects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1946,37:257-265.
10Pribyl J R et al. Spatial Ability and its Role in Organic Chemistry: A Study of Four Organic Courses. Journal of Research in Science-Teaching, 1987,24(3):229-240.