心理健康定义的探索发展——基于超星发现系统的文献学计量分析

A Review of Mental Health—Literature Metrological Analysis Based on Superstar Knowledge Discovery System

心理健康是心理健康教育领域中的一个常见话题,但社会各学界对心理健康的认定标准至今也众说纷纭,不尽相同。为了探索心理健康的定义,回顾其探索发展的成果,本文从百链和CNKI搜寻所需要的专业数据,以文献计量法和内容分析法为研究手段,通过查阅历年文献,并借助超星发现系统作出计量分析,整理分析了国内的心理健康领域的研究成果,从不同视角探寻心理健康定义及其研究的发展规律,并尝试通过回溯历史发展,预测未来的探索趋势。计量分析发现:涉及心理健康定义的文献类型中,期刊的数量明显多于报纸、论文和图书类;在涉及心理健康定义探讨的论著中,来源于文化、科学、教育、体育类的文献占据文献总量的49%,来源于哲学、宗教类的文献占据文献总量的28.7%,来源于医药、卫生类的文献占比13.8%,来源于政治和法律界的文献占比2.34%,来源于社会科学总论的文献占比1.51%;军事和经济领域的相关文献各占0.85%;文学占0.59%;其它学科任一单一类别占比均低于0.5%。北京师范大学、安徽师范大学和华中师范大学在心理健康标准的探索方面理论成果数量最多。以心理健康标准为立项课题的科研项目,有近1/3的成果得到了国家社会科学基金项目的资助;超过1/4的成果属于教育部基金支持的重点项目;大约1/4的成果得到了省市基金项目的资助。对文献的内容分析发现:国内不同学界对心理健康的认识和定义经历了“适应”阶段、“质疑和反对适应”阶段、“生存还是发展”的百家争鸣阶段,以及整合与本质探索的阶段。多元的学科流派和“心理健康”本身的模糊性促成了心理健康标准的多元和争议,而不盲从西方、扎根本土现状和对传统文化的探索发掘或许能为诸多问题的答案提供参考。

Mental health is a common topic in the field of mental health education, but different fields have put forward different views with unique features on the definition of mental health. In order to explore widely used definitions of mental health, and review relative fruits in this field, the author referred to the Medalink, CNKI, and many literatures, using econometric analysis in superstar found system. From the historical development trend, we find, in metrological analysis, that among the types of literature related to the definition of mental health, the number of periodicals is more than that of newspapers, papers and books. In the treatises involving the definition of mental health, the literature from culture, science, education and sports accounts for 49% of the total literature, and the literature of philosophy and religion accounts for 28.7% of the total literature. The literature from the medicine and health category accounted for 13.8%, the literature from the political and legal circles accounted for 2.34%, the literature from the general theory of social science accounted for 1.51%, the related literature in the military and economic fields accounted for 0.85%, literature accounted for 0.59%, and the proportion of any single category in other disciplines was less than 0.5%. Beijing Normal University, Anhui Normal University and Central China Normal University have the largest number of theoretical achievements in exploring mental health standards. The results of nearly 1/3 have been funded by the National Social Science Fund Project;the results of over 1/4 belong to the key projects supported by the Ministry of education fund, and the results of about 1/4 have been funded by the provincial and municipal fund projects. The analysis of the contents of the literature shows that the understanding and definition of mental health in domestic different fields has expe-rienced the stage of “adaptation”, “challenging and opposing adaptation”, “survival or development”, as well as the stage of “integration and essential exploration”. The pluralism of different fields and the vague “mental health” itself has contributed to the pluralism and controversy of the mental health definitions. Do not blindly follow the West, focusing on the local status and the traditional culture exploring may provide a reference for the answers to many problems.