无创脑刺激技术在抑郁症治疗中的应用进展

Advances in the Application of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression

抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍,也是在全球范围内造成人类疾病负担的主要原因之一。抑郁症病因复杂不明确,临床表现形式繁多,给治疗带来了很多困难。近些年发展起来的无创脑刺激技术(Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, NiBS)在抑郁症的治疗中显示出了巨大的潜力。重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, rTMS)和经颅直流电刺激(transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, tDCS)是最常用的两种NiBS技术。本文对rTMS和tDCS的基本原理、临床应用及其治疗抑郁的脑机制研究进展进行了总结和归纳。总的来说,rTMS和tDCS能在不同程度上缓解抑郁症状并改善抑郁患者大脑结构和功能上的异常。针对NiBS在抑郁治疗中存在的问题,未来可从实验设计、靶点选择和个体化治疗三个方面作进一步研究,以期为抑郁症提供更为精准有效的治疗方案。

Depression is one of the most common mental health problems, and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. The etiology of depression is not completely understood and there are different types of depressive disorders, which brings many difficulties to treatment. The non-invasive brain stimulation (NiBS) techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have shown great potential in the treatment of depression. In this paper, the basic principles of the two techniques and their clinical application in the treatment of depression are summarized. Overall, rTMS and tDCS can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms and improve structural and functional abnormalities in the brain. In order to provide more accurate and effective therapies for depression, future studies can focus on three aspects: experimental design, target selection and individualized treatment.