SST中间神经元功能降低对抑郁症的影响

Effect of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneuron Deficits in Depression

抑郁症(major depressive disorder)是一种常见的精神疾病,但其病理机制尚不清楚。近年来,研究发现神经网络的兴奋与抑制平衡失调可能是导致抑郁症的重要因素之一,该平衡主要由兴奋性谷氨酸能锥体神经元(pyramidal neuron)和抑制性γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)神经元协调完成。SST中间神经元是主要的抑制神经元,调节锥体神经元活动,参与应激反应,对应激有较高的易感性,在抑郁症患者背腹侧前额叶(dlPFC)、扣带回(ACC)、海马等脑区皆发现了SST mRNA或蛋白水平降低。本文将综述SST中间神经元功能及其功能降低对抑郁症影响的研究结果,包括在不同脑区(如前额叶、海马等)的表现、起因、相关的抑郁症药物研发。

Major depressive disorder is a common mental illness, but its pathological mechanism is still unclear. In recent years, studies have found that imbalance of neural network excitability and inhibition may be one of the important factors leading to depression, which is mainly caused by the incoordination between excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. Somatostatin-expressing interneurons, the main inhibitory neurons, regulate pyramidal neuronal activity, participate in stress response, and have a high susceptibility to stress. In the dorsal ventral frontal lobes (dlPFC), cingulate gyrus (ACC), hippocampus and other brain regions in patients with depression, researchers have found a decrease in SST mRNA and protein levels. This article will review the function of somatostatin-expressing interneuron and how its functional reduction impacts depression, including causes and performance.