防御性悲观研究综述

A Review of Defensive Pessimism

研究发现悲观往往会导致失败,但存在一种包含悲观色彩的认知策略反而能使人在成就情境中获得成功,即,防御性悲观。它是指在过去的成就情境中取得过成功,但在面临新的相似的成就情境时仍然设置不现实的低的期望水平并反复思考事情的各种可能结果。本文将结合国内外新近及经典研究,分析防御性悲观的研究现状,具体包括:概念及其辨析、效应的辩证性、不同类型的相关研究。

Researches have found that pessimism leads to failure, but there was a cognitive strategy that in-volves pessimism can actually lead to success in achievement situations: defensive pessimism. It refers to having been successful in past achievement situations, but still setting unrealistically low expectations in the face of new and similar achievement situations, and thinking over the various possible outcomes of things. The review will combine the latest and classic studies to analyze the research status of defensive pessimism, including concepts, different effects, and different types of related studies.