不对称社会困境中合作行为的研究述评

A Review of Cooperative Behaviors in the Asymmetric Social Dilemma

相比于传统经济学理论,从不对称模型出发理解社会困境中的合作机制更符合人类生活的现实背景。不对称社会困境是指处于不同资源状态下个体面临个人利益与集体利益相冲突的决策情境。无论是社会分层、社会比较和权力感所造成的社会关系不对称,还是初始资源配置、奖惩设置所造成的决策结构不对称,都可能导致不对称资源状态的出现。本研究对社会关系不对称与决策结构不对称影响合作行为的研究现状进行述评,鉴于目前关于不对称因素影响合作行为的研究尚未形成一致结论,建议未来研究应考虑社会价值取向、公平偏好、自我控制等个体因素来揭示不对称社会困境中合作行为的作用机制。

Compared with the traditional economic theory, the asymmetric model is more suitable for the realistic background of human life to understanding cooperative behaviors in social dilemma. Asymmetric social dilemma refers to the decision-making situation in which individuals are con-fronted with the conflict between individual interests and collective interests under different re-source states. Whether the asymmetry of social relations caused by social class, social comparison and power, or the asymmetry of decision structure caused by initial resource allocation and re-ward-punishment setting, it may lead to the emergence of asymmetric resource state. We reviewed the state of research on the influence of social relation asymmetry and decision structure asymmetry on cooperative behavior, but no consistent conclusions have been reached. It’s sug-gested that future research should consider individual factors such as social value orientation, eq-uity preference and self-control to investigate the mechanism of cooperative behavior in asym-metric social dilemma.