从自我到自我观:文化心理学的视角

From Self to Self-View: From the Perspective of Cultural Psychology

古希腊哲学家苏格拉底将“认识你自己”确立为哲学使命后,人类对“自我”探索的序幕自此揭开。自我是科学心理学研究的重要内容,“自我观”则是影响自我的更为本质的存在。文化心理学指出,文化与人的心理相互建构、相互影响。由此,文化在自我研究中的重要性被提到了首位。对自我的科学研究源于西方心理学,但其理论忽略了人的文化心理,也没有真正进入到自我观的研究中。自我观受制于个体所处的文化圈的意义解释系统,是个体长期在社会文化模式的影响下,内化文化价值观后的一连串的系统观念自我,它指导个体有关自我的各种信念、价值、理想与知识的想法与行为,从而影响个体生活的方方面面。

After Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, established “knowing yourself” as his philosophical mission, the prelude to human exploration of “self” was unveiled. Self is an important content in the research of scientific psychology, and “self-view” is a more essential existence that influences self. Cultural psychology points out that culture and human psychology construct and influence each other. Therefore, the importance of culture in self-study is mentioned first. Scientific research on self originates from western psychology, but its theory ignores people’s cultural psychology, and does not really enter into the study of self-view. Self-view is subject to the meaning interpretation system of the culture circle in which the individual is located. It is a series of systematic self-concept after internalizing cultural values under the influence of social and cultural models for a long time. It guides the individual’s various beliefs, values, ideals and knowledge, and thus affects all aspects of individual life.