不同决策情境下的损失厌恶效应差异

The Difference of Loss Aversion Effect under Different Decision Contexts

本研究采用一个赌博决策范式,同时采用事件相关脑电技术,探究在为自己决策和为他人决策两种情境下,个体在行为和神经基础上的差异,重点探究两种情境引起的损失厌恶效应的差异。结果发现:1) 在反应阶段,被试在两种决策情境下的风险偏好和反应时均不存在差异,选项“NO”比“YES”诱发更大的P3波幅。2) 在反馈阶段,为自己决策情境下诱发的FRN波幅大于为他人决策情境,损失诱发的FRN波幅显著大于收益。结论如下:1) 个体对损失的反馈更敏感。2) 当前一个试次的反馈是损失时,被试在下一个试次中更倾向于寻求风险,这可能是陷入了“赌徒谬误”。3) 研究结果部分验证了“有限理性”的观点、调节焦FRN的强化学习理论和情绪动机假说。

In this study, we designed a gambling task to explore the difference of individuals’ behavioral feature and neural basis in the context of making decisions for ourselves and in the context of making decisions for others by using the event-related potential. Furthermore, we focused on the difference of loss aversion effect caused in these two contexts. The results showed that: 1) In the response phase, there was no significant difference in the RTs and risk preference between the context of making decisions for ourselves and the context of making decisions for others. In addition, the P3 amplitude induced by the option of “No” was greater than that induced by the option of “Yes”. 2) In the feedback phase, the FRN amplitude induced by the context of making decisions for ourselves was greater than that induced by the context of making decisions for others. Further, the FRN amplitude induced by losses was greater than that of gains. In sum, we could draw the following conclusions: 1) Individuals were more sensitive to losses but not for gains. 2) When receiving the feedback of loss in the former trial, individuals were more inclined to seek the risk in the next trial. It might be because individuals were caught in the “gambler’s fallacy”. 3) The results of this study partially verified the view of “bounded rationality”, the reinforcement learning theory and the hypothesis of emotion motivation.