认知负荷与颜色语义联想词的启动对基于事件的前瞻记忆的影响

The Effect of Cognitive Load and the Initiation of Color Semantic Association Words on Event-Based Prospective Memory

采用实验室双任务研究范式,以汉语双字词为实验材料,探讨不同认知负荷条件和有无颜色语义联想词作为提示性线索对基于事件的前瞻记忆的影响。实验结果表明:1) 低认知负荷条件下的前瞻记忆成绩显著高于高认知负荷条件。2) 是否有作为提示线索的颜色语义联想词对前瞻记忆成绩的影响不显著。3) 不同认知负荷条件与是否有颜色语义联想词的交互作用显著,在高认知负荷条件下,颜色语义联想词的颜色概念正启动,能够提高前瞻记忆任务的成绩,而在低认知负荷条件下则出现了负启动效应,使得前瞻记忆任务成绩下降。实验结果支持前瞻任务的多重加工理论,在高认知负荷条件下,提示线索能够降低对任务的注意力和认知资源需要,促进前瞻任务的自动化加工,缩短前瞻记忆任务的反应时;在低负荷条件下,提示线索则会导致注意遗留和颜色的负启动,进而延长前瞻记忆的反应时间。

Using the laboratory dual-task research paradigm, and using Chinese two-character words as experimental materials, we explored the impact of different cognitive load conditions and the presence or absence of color semantic association words as suggestive clues on event-based prospective memory. The experimental results show that: 1) The prospective memory performance under low cognitive load conditions is significantly higher than that under high cognitive load conditions. 2) Whether there are color semantic association words as cue clues has no significant effect on the prospective memory performance. 3) The interaction between different cognitive load conditions and whether there are color semantic association words is significant. Under high cognitive load conditions, the color concept of color semantic association words is activated, which can improve the performance of the prospective memory task, but in low recognition under the condition of knowledge load, there is a negative priming effect, which makes the performance of prospective memory task drop. The experimental results support the multiple processing theory of prospective tasks. Under high cognitive load conditions, prompting cues can reduce the need for task attention and cognitive resources, promote the automated processing of prospective tasks, and shorten the reaction time of prospective memory tasks;under load conditions, cueing cues will lead to attention leftovers and negative priming of colors, thereby prolonging the reaction time of prospective memory.