第二方与第三方惩罚的发生机制及其差异

The Mechanism of Second-Party and Third-Party Punishment and Its Differences

利他惩罚行为是指需要个体牺牲自己利益的,有利于群体中大多数人的,对违反社会规范的人做出的惩罚行为。利他惩罚分为第二方惩罚与第三方惩罚。通过分析两者的神经机制、作用途径和效果,并结合相关理论及模型。发现两者均由情绪系统与社会认知系统共同控制,但第三方惩罚中有更多的认知系统参与。第三方惩罚也比第二方惩罚更加有效。

Altruistic punishment is a punitive act that requires individuals to sacrifice their own interests in favor of the majority of people in the group, and is made against those who violate social norms. Altruistic punishment is divided into second-party punishment and third-party punishment. By analyzing the neural mechanisms, action pathways and effects of both, and combining with related theories and models. Both are found to be controlled by the emotional system and the social cognitive system, but more cognitive systems are involved in third-party punishment. Third-party punishment is also more effective than second-party punishment.