正念与负性情绪反应:心理及生理机制

Mindfulness and Negative Emotional Reactivity: Psychological and Physiological Mechanisms

正念可以改善负性情绪体验,调节个体的负性情绪反应,提高自身情绪管理能力。以往实证研究从正念特质及状态层面探讨了正念对负性情绪反应的影响,研究结果显示正念可以在一定程度上降低个体的负性情绪反应。IAA模型、MAT模型、去自动化模型及PROMISE模型从理论层面探讨了正念作用于负性情绪反应的心理机制。生理机制层面,前人研究认为心率变异性的改善、左侧前额叶活动增强、情绪处理早期神经反应减弱、两半球背内侧前额皮层(dmPFC)和前扣带回(ACC)活动增强及杏仁核激活减弱是正念调节个体负性情绪反应的重要神经机制。进一步研究发现,正念训练对负性情绪反应的调节机制取决于个体正念练习经验,长期正念练习者和初学者的调节机制不同。

Mindfulness can relieve negative emotional experience, regulate individuals’ negative emotional reactivity, and improve their emotional management ability. Previous empirical studies have ex-plored the impact of mindfulness on negative emotional reactivity from the aspects of the traits and states of mindfulness. The results show that mindfulness can reduce negative emotional reactivity to a certain extent. IAA model, MAT model, de-automatization model and PROMISE model discussed the psychological mechanism of the effect of mindfulness on negative emotional reactivity from the theoretical level. At the level of physiological mechanism, previous studies have suggested that the improvement of heart rate variability, the enhancement of left prefrontal lobe activity, the reduction of early neural response in emotional processing, the enhancement of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) activity and the reduction of amygdala activation are the important neural mechanisms that mindfulness regulates negative emotional reactivity. Further research shows that the regulation mechanism of mindfulness training on negative emotional reactivity depends on individual experience of mindfulness practice, and the regulation mechanism of long-term mindfulness practitioners and beginners is different.