危机事件视角下心理距离对风险感知的影响

The Influence of Psychological Distance on Risk Perception from the Perspective of Crisis Events

根据心理距离理论,风险感知结果的时间、空间、社会、概率等属性本质上都可被表征为结果在感知者心中的心理距离。以往研究主要探索了心理距离的本质及其整合方式,提出了有关心理距离的模型,并进一步提出了心理距离影响风险感知的模型。基于已有研究成果,梳理了危机事件背景下心理距离对风险感知的影响机制,并分别探讨了四个不同距离维度对个体风险感知的影响。未来研究应加强对不同类型危机事件的探究,进一步验证心理距离影响风险感知的作用机制,考虑风险感知在危机事件生命周期不同阶段的差异,以及开发通过心理距离影响风险感知的干预方案。

According to psychological distance theory, the temporal, spatial, social, and probabilistic properties of risk perception outcomes can be essentially characterized as the psychological distance of the outcome in the mind of the perceiver. Previous studies have mainly explored the nature of psychological distance and its integration mode, proposed a model about psychological distance, and further proposed a model that psychological distance affects risk perception. Based on the existing research results, the mechanism of the influence of psychological distance on risk perception in the context of crisis events was sorted out, and the influence of four different distance dimensions on individual risk perception was explored separately. Future research should strengthen the investigation of different types of crisis events, further verify the mechanism of psychological distance influencing risk perception, consider the differences in risk perception at different stages of the life cycle of crisis events, and develop intervention programs to influence risk perception through psychological distance.