自闭症谱系障碍儿童心理理论特点的成因分析和干预路径

Cause Analysis and Intervention Methods of the Characteristics of Theory of Mind of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

儿童心理理论是将儿童的心智理解能力看成一个基于逻辑与规则的推理过程,并基于此概念设计出了错误信念等任务,来检测儿童是否掌握心理理论。近三十余年以来,基于儿童心理理论发展特点的研究已经取得了相对一致的成果。一般儿童获得心理理论存在关键时期(2~7岁),但自闭症谱系障碍儿童的心理理论发展却很明显地滞后于一般儿童,该群体因此被看作是心理理论受损的“心灵盲”,分析其心理理论缺损的原因并探索干预路径具有重要意义。本文主要介绍了自闭症谱系障碍儿童心理理论的发展特点、缺损原因以及有效的干预方法。

Children’s theory of mind mainly regards children’s mental comprehension ability as a logical reasoning process based on rules and logic, and tasks such as false belief have been designed based on this concept to test whether children can master the theory of mind. Over the past 30 years, the research results based on the development characteristics of children’s theory of mind have achieved relatively consistent results. 2~7 years old is the key period for children to acquire the theory of mind, but the development of psychological theory of children with autism spectrum disorder obviously lags behind that of ordinary children. Therefore, this group is regarded as “psychic blindness” with impaired theory of mind. It is meaningful to study the development characteristics of their theory of mind and explore the intervention path. This paper mainly introduced the development characteristics, defect causes and effective intervention methods of psychological theory of children with autism spectrum disorders.