养育者“将心比心”测评方法述评

Commentary on the Evaluation Methods of Caregivers’ Mind-Mindedness

“将心比心”指养育者倾向于将孩子看作是具有独立思想的个体,自觉关注孩子的心理状态并做出准确解读,以提供高质量的照顾行为,是构建安全的亲子依恋和促进儿童发展的重要因素。目前国内外研究中主要采用观察法和访谈法对养育者“将心比心”进行测评研究。观察法,主要基于实验室以及亲子互动行为观察的测评方法;访谈法,主要通过养育者对孩子的语言描述来表征其对孩子内在心理状态的关注与解释。本文对这两种测评方法进行梳理综述,对“将心比心”测评存在的问题进行了分析,并对“将心比心”测评方法提出了建议。

Mind-mindedness refers to a caregiver’s tendency to view the child as an individual with a mind of his or her own, to spontaneously pay attention to the child’s mental state and to interpret it accurately in order to provide high-quality caregiving behaviors, and is an important factor in building secure parent-child attachments and promoting child development. Present domestic and foreign researches mainly use the observation method and the interview method to evaluate caregivers’ mind-mindedness. The observation method is an evaluation method mainly based on the observation of parent-child interaction behavior in laboratory situations, while the interview method is based on the caregiver’s language descriptions of the child to characterize his or her concerns and interpretations of the child’s internal psychological state. This paper provides an overview of the two evaluation methods, analyzes the problems and makes suggestions for the mind-mindedness evaluation methods.