温州市中学生自伤行为特征调查研究

The Investigation on the Characteristics of Self-Injury Behavior among Middle School Students in Wenzhou

目的:了解2020~2021年期间温州市中学生自伤行为的发生率及相关特征。方法:随机抽取8所中学初中或者高中一、二年级学生共计483名学生作为调查对象,采用中学生自伤行为问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自编一般情况调查问卷进行调查。结果:自伤行为发生率为10.35%,其中初中生占68%,高中生32%,两组具显著性差异(p < 0.05),女生(74%)明显多于男生;自伤行为发生形式以1种自伤方式(26例,52%)为主,部分采取2~4种(19例,38%);伤害程度以轻度(30例,60%)为主,部分中度(15例,30%),除伤害皮肤以外,大部分(62%)否认有伤害其他部位;在发生伤害是会寻求谁来帮助自己这项上,有一半学生(25例,50%)不愿意找别人帮忙,有28%学生,会找朋友或者同学,而找父母、老师、心理老师的只有小部分。对比自伤组与非自伤组,发现自伤行为与校园欺凌、父母教育方式、SCL-90中人际敏感、敌对因子评分明显相关。结论:1) 温州市中学生自伤行为低于国内其他地区调查结果;2) 温州市中学生自伤行为主要为伤害皮肤,方式较简单、伤害程度为轻到中度为主,有50%学生在其自伤发生时不愿意找人帮忙,其寻求帮助对象大都为朋友或者同学(28%);3) 自伤行为可能与童年创伤以及人际关系、敏感、敌对有关。

Objective: To understand the incidence and related characteristics of self-injury behavior among middle school students in Wenzhou from 2020 to 2021. Methods: A total of 483 students from junior school and grade 1 and 2 of senior high school were randomly selected. Use the questionnaire as of self-injury in middle school student, symptom self-assessment scale (SCL-90), and self-com- piled genera situation questionnaire. Results: The incidence of self-injury was 10.35%, including 68% in junior, 32% in senior, two groups were significant different (p < 0.05), girls (74%) were significantly more likely than boys. Self-injury behavior occurred in the form of 1 self-injury mode (26 cases, 52%) mainly, part takes 2~4 kinds (19 cases, 38%). The injury level was mild (30 cases, 60%), moderate level was 15 cases (30%). In addition to the skin damage, 62% students denied any damage to other parts of the body. In the event of an injury is who will be needed to help yourself, half of the students (25 cases, 50%) were not willing to ask for help, with 28% of the students willing to ask for friend or classmate, only small number of parents, teachers, psychological teachers. Compared with self-injury and non-self-injury group, NSSI behavior was significantly correlated with school-bullying, parenting style, and interpersonal sensitivity, hostility factor scores in SCL-90. Conclusion: 1) The Self-injury behavior of middle school students in Wenzhou is lower than that of other regions in China. 2) Self-injury behavior of middle school students is mainly skin injury, simple and mild to moderate, 50% of students are unwilling to find help, mostly friends or classmates (28%). 3) NSSI may be related to childhood trauma and interpersonal relationship, sensitivity and hostility.