正念对道德决策的影响及其机制

The Influence of Mindfulness on Moral Decision Making and Its Mechanism

道德决策是指当面临多种可能的行为路径选择,而这些行为路径又在道德价值上存在差异或冲突时,个体对这些可能的行为路径上做出的最后抉择。近年来,研究者开始关注正念对个体道德决策的影响。正念是有意识地对当下经验不加评判的觉知。研究发现正念训练使个体表现出更高的道德推理、决策能力和道德行为,更注重维持高的道德标准,倾向道义主义决策。正念可能通过改变同理心、自我中心偏差等因素对道德决策产生影响。突显网络和脑区激活模式可能是其神经基础。文章对已有研究的不足和未来展望进行了阐述。

Moral decision refers to the final decision made by individuals on possible behavior paths when faced with multiple choices, but these behavior paths also have differences or conflicts in moral values. In recent years, researchers have begun to pay attention to the impact of mindfulness on individual moral decision-making. Mindfulness is the increased awareness that arises when we pay attention on purpose to the present non-judgmentally. It is found that mindfulness training makes individuals show higher moral reasoning, decision-making ability and moral behavior, pay more attention to maintaining high moral standards, and tend to deontic decision-making. Mindfulness may influence moral decision making by changing factors such as empathy and egocentric bias. The salience network and activation patterns of brain areas may be the neural basis. In this paper, the deficiencies of existing research and the future prospects are described.