深圳市老年人对社区心理卫生服务的需求及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Demand and Influencing Factors of Mental Health Services in Communities among the Elderly in Shenzhen City

目的:探究深圳市老年人对社区心理卫生服务的需求及其影响因素。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取来自深圳市51个社区的老年人,对其进行电子问卷调查,收集基本人口学信息、老年人对社区心理卫生服务的需求情况等信息。对深圳市老年人社区心理卫生服务需求现状进行描述性统计;通过卡方检验和多因素logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果:共调查2112名老人,1356 (64.2%)名老年人对社区心理卫生服务有更高的需求,51.7%的老年人期望定期组织老年人集体活动,51.8%的老年人期望获得心理问题预防知识,79.2%的老年人期望社区机构提供心理卫生服务,75.4%的老年人期望每次心理卫生服务的收费不超过50元。多因素分析显示,女性、年龄在65~74岁之间、居住在商品房小区、精神疾病认知评分合格、自感有心理卫生问题、所在社区提供心理卫生服务的老年人对社区心理卫生服务有更高的需求。结论:深圳市老年人对社区心理卫生服务需求较大,应积极构建以社区为基础的社区老年心理卫生服务体系。

Objective: To explore the demand for mental health services in the communities and the influen-cing factors among the elderly in Shenzhen city. Methods: The elderly from 51 communities in Shenzhen were selected by stratified cluster sampling, and an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic demographic information, the elderly’s demand for mental health services and other information. Descriptive statistics were carried out on the demand for mental health services in communities among the elderly in Shenzhen;The influencing factors were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 2112 elderly people were surveyed, and 1356 (64.2%) elderly people had higher demand for mental health services in communities. The proportion of the elderly who need for regular collective activities was 51.7%. 51.8% of the elderly expected to obtain knowledge on the prevention of psychological problems, 79.2% of the elderly expected the mental health services were provided by the institutions in communities, and 75.4% of the elderly expected to pay less than 50 yuan for each mental health services. The multivariate analysis showed that there were higher demand for mental health services in communities for the elderly who were female, aged 65~74, lived in commercial residential building, had a qualified mental illness cognitive score, had self-reported mental health problems, or lived in the communities that provided mental health services. Conclusion: There was a large demand for mental health services in communities among the elderly in Shenzhen, and a community-based mental health services system for the elderly should be actively constructed.