失业人员困境的质性研究:以Y社区为例

Qualitative Research on Unemployment Dilemma: A Case Study of Y Community

我国失业和再就业政策的不断改进和完善,体现了就业问题的重要性。但失业人员所面临的问题情况复杂,本研究采用质性研究方法,对北京Y社区16名失业人员进行半结构化深度访谈,对访谈内容进行主题分析,探究失业人员的失业原因以及困境。结果表明,存在以下几种失业原因:公司原因、工作性质、创业失败以及人际关系。同时他们也面临着一种或多种困境:照顾负担(照顾孩子、照顾老人、心理压抑)、自身限制(年龄限制、性格问题、身体限制、能力限制)、社会因素(前科记录、专业需求)、再就业心态(自我否定、需求不符)。面对这些困境,未来在对其帮扶中第一需要建设更完善的社会心理服务体系,第二需要在此体系下达到“精准”帮扶。

The continuous improvement and perfection of China’s unemployment and reemployment poli-cies reflect the importance of employment. However, the problems faced by the unemployed are complicated. This study uses qualitative research methods to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 unemployed people in Y community of Beijing, and analyzes the topics of the interviews to explore the reasons and difficulties of the unemployed people. The results show that there are the following reasons for unemployment: Company reasons, job nature, entrepreneurial failure and interpersonal relationships. At the same time, they are also faced with one or more difficulties: care burden (caring for children, caring for the elderly, psychological depression), self- limitation (age limitation, personality problem, physical limitation, ability limitation), social factors (criminal record, professional demand), re-employment mentality (self-denial, inconsistent demand). In the face of these difficulties, in the future, firstly, we need to build a more perfect social psychological service system, and secondly, we need to achieve “precise” assistance under this system.