心智化视频量表的编制——基于中国语言和文化背景

Development of the Video Scale for Mentalization—Based on Chinese Language and Cultural Background

心智化是一种根据自己和他人内部心理状态对行为进行觉察、理解和解释的基本能力。本研究介绍中国语言和文化下的心智化视频量表的发展过程。研究一(n = 97)以大学生和中小学教师为被试选取了视频材料、收集了初始答案。研究二(n = 3593)对视频进行筛选,处理答案选项的形式,通过信效度检验,形成正式量表,包括12段基于中国语言和文化背景的短视频(时长4~62秒),每个视频有4个题目,分别对应情感识别、情感归因、认知识别、认知归因,每个题目有4个答案选项,分别对应四种心智化类型(无心智化,外聚心智化、内聚心智化和准确心智化)。分析可得被试在四种类型的心智化上的水平及准确心智化的水平。本研究表明:本量表采用视频片段,相较于已有的心智化量表以文字描述、情绪图片或者语音片段为测量材料来说,更具生态性、更贴近我国真实的社会生活场景,能够反应受试者的心智化能力和心智化特征,该量表具有可接受的信效度,可以用于测量中国成年人心智化他人的能力。

Mentalization is the fundamental ability of human being to aware, understand and explain the explicit behavior from the perspective of innermental state of oneself and others. The present research involved the initial development and validation of the 48-item video scale for mentalization (VSM), which was based on Chinese language and culture. In Study 1, college students and primary and secondary school teachers were recruited as subjects (n = 97), video materials were selected and initial answers were collected. In Study 2 (n = 3593), the video clips were further refined, four answers of each item were constructed, and the initial scale was formed. Then, through testing the reliability and validity, the video scale for mentalization (VSM-48) was finalized, which includes 12 short videos (4~62 seconds in length) based on Chinese language and cultural background. Each video clip involves 4 questions, corresponding to 4 dimensions, namely, emotional recognition, emotional attribution, cognitive recognition, and cognitive attribution. Each question has 4 answer options, corresponding to 4 types of mentalizing (non-mentalizing internally focused mentalizing, externally focused mentalizing, and accurate mentalizing). The level and profile of the capacity for mentalizing others can be manifested by analyzing the answers of the subjects. This research showed that compared with the existing mentalization tools which used word-descriptions, emotional pictures or voice clips as the assessing materials, the video scale of VSM is more ecological, closer to the real social life scenes in China, and can reflect the subjects’ mentalization profile and ability. With acceptable reliability and validity, the video scale for mentalization (VSM) can be widely used to measure the mentalizing-other ability of adults in the context of Chinese culture.