空间认知中的认知差异模型

Cognitive Difference Model in Spatial Cognition

空间认知的重点在于将个体认知与周围环境建立起紧密的联系,由此产生的空间能力对人类的生存和繁衍具有重要意义。查阅已有文献,虽有对空间认知差异的众多实证研究,但对产生差异的原因论述仍不清楚。针对究竟是什么导致了空间认知差异这一问题,我们通过整理已有文献综述,首先着眼于性别和年龄的生理原因,其次讨论个体认知策略差异可能产生的影响,在此基础上拟总结出包含生理差异和空间策略选择差异的链式因素假想模型。

The focus of spatial cognition was to establish a close connection between individual cognition and the surrounding environment, and the resulting spatial ability is of great significance to the survival and reproduction of human beings. Looking at the existing literatures, though there are many empirical studies on the differences in spatial cognition, the reasons for the differences are still unclear. In response to the question of what caused the differences in spatial cognition, we reviewed the literatures, firstly focusing on the physiological reasons of gender and age, and secondly discussing the possible impact of differences in individual cognitive strategies. As a result, a hypothetical model of chain factors was developed that included both physiological differences and differences in spatial strategy selection.