大学生性别角色与生涯适应力的关系及团体辅导干预

The Relationship between Gender Roles and Career Adaptability of College Students and the Intervention of Group Counseling

目的:调查大学生生涯适应力的现状及其相关因素,验证生涯适应力的性别角色“双性化模型”,探究基于生涯适应力六维理论的团体辅导对大学生的生涯适应力的干预效果。方法:1119名大学生参与问卷调查,34名大学生参与干预研究,实验组和对照组各17名,实验组开展8次团体干预,对照组不干预。结果:不同性别在生涯适应力总体水平上不存在显著差异,不同的性别角色类型在生涯适应力总体水平上存在显著差异,且双性化类型被试的生涯适应力总分显著高于其余所有类型被试得分;干预后,实验组后测的得分显著高于前测,对照组前测后测无显著性差异,实验组前后测生涯适应力总分差量显著高于对照组差量。结论:影响大学生生涯适应力的是性别角色,而不是性别,且双性化类型大学生的生涯适应力水平最高;基于生涯适应力六维理论的团体辅导能够提高非双性化类型大学生的生涯适应力。

Objective: To investigate the current situation and related factors of college students’ career adaptability, verify the gender role “androgynous model” of career adaptability, and explore the intervention effect of group counseling based on the six-dimensional theory of career adaptability on college students’ career adaptability. Methods: 1119 college students participated in the questionnaire survey, and 34 college students participated in the intervention study, with 17 students in the experimental group and 17 students in the control group. The experimental group conducted 8 group interventions, while the control group did not. Results: There was no significant difference between different sexes in the overall level of career adaptation, but there was a significant difference between different gender role types in the overall level of career adaptation, and the total score of the androgynous type was significantly higher than that of all other types of subjects. After the intervention, the score of the experimental group in the post-test was significantly higher than that in the pre-test, while there was no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test in the control group. The total difference of the experimental group in the post-test career adaptability was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions: It is gender role, not sex, that affects the career adaptability of college students, and androgynous college students have the highest level of career adaptability. Group counseling based on the six-dimensional theory of career adaptability can improve the career adaptability of non-androgynous college students.