自杀意念者产生自杀行动的双系统模型

A Dual-Systems Model of Generating Suicidal Actions of Suicidal Ideators

自杀一直以来是全球非自然死亡的主要原因之一,目前已有大量用于解释自杀行为的理论,但缺乏对自杀意念到自杀行动产生的内部机制的完善解释。自杀可以看作是自我控制失败的结果,借助于自我控制的双系统模型理论,分别从冲动系统和控制系统展开了对自杀意念者产生自杀行动的内部机制的分析。基于自杀意念者的负性情绪、高自我损耗、低认知灵活性三种心理特征,冲动系统能够引起自杀行动的自动化加工;控制系统对自杀行动的产生既有抑制作用,也有一定的促进作用;状态和特质边界条件影响冲动系统和控制系统的强弱关系。通过对自杀行动产生的内部机制进行探讨,为自杀理论的相关理论研究提供新的方向。未来可对自杀行动产生的双系统模型进行实证检验,识别出不同类型自杀者的控制系统差异,探究冲动系统内外部影响因素的交互作用。

Suicide has always been one of the main reasons of unnatural death in the world. At present, there are many theories of suicide to explain suicidal behaviors, but there is a lack of systematic explanation of the internal mechanism from suicidal ideation to suicidal actions. Suicide can be regarded as the result of self-control failures. According to the dual-systems model of self-control, the internal mechanism that suicidal ideators generate suicidal actions is analyzed from the aspect of the impulsive system and the reflective system respectively. Based on the three psychological characteristics of suicidal ideators, including negative emotion, high ego loss and low cognitive flexibility, impulsive system can lead to automatic processing of suicidal actions. The reflective system both inhibits and promotes suicidal actions. The state and trait boundary conditions affect the strong relationship between the impulse system and the reflective system. The discussion of the internal mechanism of suicide actions provides a new direction for the research of suicide theories. In the future, it is necessary to carry out empirical test for the dual-systems model of generating suicidal actions. It also needs to identify the differences of the reflective system of different types of suicide victims and explore the interaction between internal and external factors in the impulsive system.