唤醒水平变化对执行功能的影响及调节机制

The Effect of Arousal Level on Executive Function and Its Regulatory Mechanism

唤醒是生理和心理上的警觉或兴奋的一般状态。研究发现,唤醒水平变化会对认知灵活性、工作记忆、抑制控制等执行功能产生差异化影响,且影响效果受任务类型与复杂度、个体生理特征、气质类型等因素的调节。已有研究提出了唤醒假说、神经内分泌模型、注意假说,来解释唤醒水平变化调节执行功能的作用机制。未来研究应明确统一抑制控制的结构以及弄清不同唤醒状态的本质,拓展瑜伽、太极、跳绳、体操、游泳等不同体育锻炼形式的实验模型,展开对比实验细致区分两个唤醒水平和三个唤醒水平的不同效应。

Arousal is a general state of physical and psychological alertness or excitement. The study found that the change of arousal level will have a differentiated impact on executive functions such as cognitive flexibility, working memory and inhibitory control, and the effect is regulated by task type and complexity, individual physiological characteristics, temperament type and other factors. Previous studies have proposed arousal hypothesis, neuroendocrine model and attention hypothesis to explain the mechanism of arousal level change regulating executive function. Future research should clarify the structure of unified inhibition control and the essence of different arousal states, expand the experimental models of different forms of physical exercise such as yoga, Tai Chi, rope skipping, gymnastics and swimming, carry out comparative experiments, and carefully distinguish the different effects of two arousal levels and three arousal levels.