基于程序化扎根理论的易地搬迁安置点“微菜园”疗愈空间设计模式研究——以云南省怒江州多个易地搬迁安置点为例

A Study on the Healing Space Design Model of Micro-Gardens in Poverty Alleviation Relocation Based on Programmed Grounded Theory—A Case Study of Resettlement Sites in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province

本研究以云南省怒江州易地搬迁集中安置点“微菜园”的构建与推广为背景,通过非参与式观察、田野实验和半结构式访谈等质性研究方法探究了环境心理学在乡村振兴易地搬迁中的实际应用效果。研究人员走访观察了怒江州泸水市8个易地搬迁安置点、537户搬迁居民及部分当地政府相关工作人员。对其中30名对象进行了追踪及深度访谈,收集整理质性材料2万余字,基于环境心理学提出模型假设,通过程序化扎根理论进行开放式编码后,从原始数据中找到概念的类别,使用概念和分类来定义所收集的数据和现象识别、概括分类为125个概念,66个子类属;再通过主轴式编码建立“因果条件→现象→脉络→中介条件→行动/互动策略→结果”这一范式,将各个类属有机联系起来;最后通过选择性编码将之前开放式编码中的66个子类属归属成了搬迁居民分离创伤反应、异地搬迁安置点环境瓶颈、搬迁居民疗愈需要、“微菜园”中疗愈行为活动、“微菜园”中疗愈环境感知、“微菜园”疗愈空间设计、疗愈因子、异地搬迁安置点循证设计8个类属,并阐发出故事线,构建出易地搬迁安置点“微菜园”疗愈空间设计模型。本研究最后讨论了此模型对易地搬迁安置点项目中政策落实、社会经济效益及心理健康的效应,证明环境心理学相关理论可有效应用于解决乡村振兴的实际问题。

This study investigates the practical application of environmental psychology in rural revitalization of relocation through non-participant observation, field experiments and semi-structured interviews, taking the construction and promotion of “micro-gardens” in several centralized resettlement sites in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province as the research background. The researchers went to 8 relocation sites, 537 displaced homes, and several local government staff in Lushui City, Nujiang Prefecture. Thirty of them were tracked, given in-depth interviews, and more than 20,000 words of qualitative data were collected and compiled. After open coding by programmed grounded theory that based on the hypothesis of the model proposed by environmental psychology, the collected data and phenomena were identified and classified into 125 concepts and 66 subgenera by using concepts and categories. Next, spindle coding was used to build the paradigm of “causal condition → phenomenon → vein → mediating condition → action/interaction strategy → result” to link each category naturally. The 66 subgenera from the initial open coding were finally divided into eight subgenera through selective coding: separation trauma response of relocated residents, environmental bottlenecks in resettlement sites, healing needs of relocated residents, healing behavioral activities in “micro-gardens”, perception of healing activities in “micro-gardens”, “micro-gardens” healing space design, healing factors in “micro-gardens”, and evidence-based design in relocation sites. In order to create a model of “micro-garden” healing space design for relocation sites, the eight categories of healing factors, evidence-based design of relocation sites. The story line which elaborated in 8 categories was created, and a “micro-garden” healing space design model is built for the resettlement sites. This study concludes by discussing the effects of the healing space design model on policy implementation, socio-economic benefits and psychological health in the relocation settlement project, demonstrating that theories related to environmental psychology can be effectively applied to solve the practical problems of rural revitalization.