弗洛伊德之人与马克思之人的双重比较

The Double Comparison of Freud’s and Marx’s Theories about Human Beings

近代以来,异化问题上升到哲学高度成为学者们研究探讨的热点问题,学者们将异化概念代入以研究人,提出了人的异化。其中,弗洛伊德从心理学角度阐释人的异化,认为人因其本能受压抑而异化为病态人,因而人的进化是一场悲剧;而马克思则以价值选择为中介,从社会实践和交往的角度指明了人将随社会发展而实现自由全面发展的光明前景。对二者的双重比较是对于人的理论从心理学与哲学两个方向探索与发展的尝试。

Since modern times, the problem of alienation has risen to the height of philosophy and become a hot topic for scholars to study. Scholars put forward the concept of alienation to study human beings. Among them, Freud explained the alienation of human from the perspective of psychology, and believed that human is alienated into a sick person because of the suppression of his instinct, so the evolution of human is a tragedy. Marx, on the other hand, takes value choice as the medium and points out the bright prospect that man will realize free and all-round development with the development of society from the perspective of social practice and communication. The double comparison of the two is an attempt to explore and develop human theory from the two directions of psychology and philosophy.