大学生自我控制困境及策略使用的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Self Control Dilemma and Strategy Use of College Students

为了解大学生日常生活和学习中自我控制困境及策略使用的情况,采用质性研究方法,对22名大学生进行深入访谈。调查发现,大学生在日常生活中的自我控制困境主要表现在作息规律、健康管理、情绪控制、理性消费方面。在学习上的自我控制困境主要表现在上课认真听讲,按时完成学业任务,考研、考级、考证等考试的备考过程。大学生自我控制失败的主要原因有:无目标和计划、自身自控能力差、外在环境影响、任务因素等方面。大学生应对自我控制困境时经常使用情境选择策略、情境修正策略、注意策略、很少使用认知评价策略和反应调整策略,计划策略和习惯策略也是大学生经常使用的策略并且效果较好。

To understand the self-control dilemma and strategy use of college students in their daily life and learning, a qualitative research method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 22 college students. The survey found that the self-control dilemma of college students in daily life mainly manifests in the aspects of daily routines, health management, emotional control, and rational consumption. The self-control dilemma in learning mainly manifests in listening attentively in class, completing academic tasks on time, and preparing for exams such as postgraduate entrance exams, grading exams, and certification exams. The main reasons for college students’ self-control failure include external environmental influences, lack of goals, lack of planning, poor self-control ability, and task factors. College students often use situational selection strategies, situational correction strategies, attention strategies, and rarely use cognitive evaluation strategies and reaction adjustment strategies when dealing with self-control difficulties. Planning strategies and habit strategies are also commonly used strategies by college students and have good effects.